15.5
78 %
93.5 %
Indicators in the Citation impact, Journal impact and Co‑publishing tabs are based on Web of Science publications only. Corresponding Scopus indicators can be found under the Scopus tab.
Overall Web of Science coverage for peer reviewed publications in this unit is good, 78%.
Note that the coverage numbers for Web of Science and Scopus apply to publications in the KTH bibliometric database Bibmet. If a WoS-id or Scoupus-id from DiVA can not be matched in Bibmet, it does not count as covered.
The bibliometric indicators referred are based on publications registered in DiVA. Only publications from currently employed researchers at KTH are included. The rolling nature of this report means that it provides more of a current overview and less of a historic stable trend, since it excludes publications written by researchers that are no longer affiliated to KTH, but have been at some point in time.
Indicators in the Citation impact, Journal impact and Co‑publishing tabs are based on Web of Science publications only. Corresponding Scopus indicators can be found under the Scopus tab.
Publication data is available only after login.
| DiVA publication type | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | Publications | WoS coverage | Scopus coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Article, peer review | 9.2 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 13.3 | 10.5 | 56.2 | 92.0% | 1.0 |
| Article, other | NA | NA | NA | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.2 | NA | 1.6 | 100.0% | 0.7 |
| Conference paper, peer review | 2.4 | 5.5 | 2.4 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 7.6 | 3.6 | 30.9 | 52.6% | 0.9 |
| Conference paper, other | 0.8 | 2.3 | NA | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 5.5 | 4.5% | 0.6 |
| Chapter in book | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.4 | NA | 0.4 | 0.0% | 1.0 |
| Report | NA | NA | 0.1 | 1.1 | NA | NA | 0.2 | 1.5 | 0.0% | 0.0 |
| Doctoral thesis | 1.0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.0 | NA | 2.0 | 0.0% | 0.0 |
| Licentiate thesis | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 0.0% | 0.0 |
| DiVA publication type | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | Publications | WoS coverage | Scopus coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Article, peer review | 25 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 17 | 35 | 27 | 161 | 91.9% | 1 |
| Article, other | NA | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 2 | NA | 4 | 100.0% | 0 |
| Conference paper, peer review | 8 | 16 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 6 | 76 | 55.3% | 1 |
| Conference paper, other | 3 | 7 | NA | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 18 | 5.6% | 1 |
| Chapter in book | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2 | NA | 2 | 0.0% | 1 |
| Report | NA | NA | 1 | 2 | NA | NA | 1 | 4 | 0.0% | 0 |
| Doctoral thesis | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1 | NA | 2 | 0.0% | 0 |
| Licentiate thesis | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.0% | 0 |
| Publication Year | Publications | Total Citations | Average Citations | Uncited publications | Share uncited |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 9.3 | 25.1 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 26.4% |
| 2015 | 10.0 | 21.4 | 2.1 | 5.3 | 52.8% |
| 2016 | 6.8 | 13.3 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 32.9% |
| 2017 | 7.2 | 16.3 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 17.2% |
| 2018 | 7.5 | 12.3 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 41.4% |
| Total | 40.7 | 88.4 | 2.2 | 14.3 | 35.1% |
| Publication years | Publications | Average Cf | Top 10% publications | Share Top 10% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-2016 | 20.1 | 0.74 | 0.8 | 3.7% |
| 2015-2017 | 17.2 | 0.72 | 0.5 | 2.9% |
| 2016-2018 | 14.8 | 0.67 | 0.4 | 2.7% |
| 2017-2019 | 22.2 | 0.63 | 1.2 | 5.2% |
| Total | 42.3 | 0.69 | 1.9 | 4.5% |
This table is based on Web of Science publication types Article, Proceedings paper, Review, Letter and Editorial.
Rows are based on at least 23 (full counted) publications with moderate Web of Science coverage (at least 74.4%).
(DiVA publication types Article, peer review and Conference paper, peer review)
Indicators based on < 50 publications are considered unreliable
This table is based on Web of Science publication types Article and Review.
Rows are based on at least 52 (full counted) publications with good Web of Science coverage (at least 91.3%).
(DiVA publication type Article, peer review)
| Publication years | Publications | Average Journal Cf | Publications in Top 20% journals | Share Top 20% journals |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-2016 | 20.1 | 1.11 | 4.6 | 22.9% |
| 2015-2017 | 17.2 | 1.10 | 3.9 | 22.4% |
| 2016-2018 | 14.8 | 1.15 | 3.2 | 21.8% |
| 2017-2019 | 22.2 | 1.06 | 4.2 | 18.7% |
| 2018-2020 | 26.1 | 1.05 | 5.5 | 21.2% |
| Total | 51.4 | 1.08 | 11.2 | 21.9% |
This table is based on Web of Science publication types Article and Review.
Rows are based on at least 52 (full counted) publications with good Web of Science coverage (at least 90.6%).
(DiVA publication type Article, peer review)
| Publication years | Publications | Swedish non-university co-publications | Share Swedish non-university | International co-publications | Share international |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-2016 | 58 | 14 | 24.1% | 24 | 41.4% |
| 2015-2017 | 55 | 18 | 32.7% | 25 | 45.5% |
| 2016-2018 | 51 | 14 | 27.5% | 26 | 51.0% |
| 2017-2019 | 66 | 18 | 27.3% | 30 | 45.5% |
| 2018-2020 | 71 | 18 | 25.4% | 31 | 43.7% |
| Total | 147 | 38 | 25.9% | 64 | 43.5% |
This table is based on Web of Science publication types Article and Review.
Rows are based on at least 51 (full counted) publications with good Web of Science coverage (at least 91.1%).
(DiVA publication type Article, peer review)
| Country | Publications | 1-10 auth | 11-50 auth | 51-200 auth | Over 200 auth | Publications (frac) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Arab Emirates | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.5 |
| Germany | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.4 |
| United Kingdom | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 |
| Austria | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 |
| United States | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 |
| Finland | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 |
| Norway | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 |
| Italy | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 |
| China | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 |
| Romania | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 |
| Japan | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Australia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Singapore | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Belgium | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Denmark | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Netherlands | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Portugal | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Brazil | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Organization | Organization type | Country | Publications | 1-10 auth | 11-50 auth | 51-200 auth | Over 200 auth | Publications (frac) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karolinska Institutet | University | Sweden | 26 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.8 |
| Khalifa University | University | United Arab Emirates | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.0 |
| Chalmers University of Technology | University | Sweden | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.2 |
| Swedish Defence Research Agency | Institute | Sweden | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.1 |
| Cargotec | Company | Sweden | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.1 |
| RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden | Institute | Sweden | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 |
| University of Leoben | University | Austria | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 |
| University of Cambridge | University | United Kingdom | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 |
| Aalto University | University | Finland | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 |
| Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) | University | Germany | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 |
| Volvo Car Corp | Company | Sweden | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 |
| Norwegian University of Science and Technology | University | Norway | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 |
| Transilvania University of Brasov (UniTBv) | University | Romania | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 |
| Volvo AB | Company | Sweden | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 |
| Karolinska University Hospital | University Hospital | Sweden | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 |
| Swedish National Defence College | University College | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 |
| Saab AB | Company | Sweden | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 |
| Swerea | Institute | Sweden | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 |
| Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences | University College | Sweden | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 |
| DEKRA Industrial AB | Company | Sweden | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 |
| Jiangsu University of Science and Technology | University | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 |
| Northeastern University | University | United States | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 |
| Scania AB | Company | Sweden | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 |
| University of Strathclyde | University | United Kingdom | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 |
| Politecnico di Milano | University | Italy | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 |
| Stockholm University | University | Sweden | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Dalarna County Council | Other health services | Sweden | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Iran University of Science and Technology | University | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| NPCC | Company | United Arab Emirates | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| University of Minnesota | University | United States | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Uppsala University | University | Sweden | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Volvo AB | Company | Germany | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Nanyang Technological University | University | Singapore | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| National University of Singapore | University | Singapore | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Gävle University College | University College | Sweden | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 |
| Argonne National Laboratory | Institute | United States | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 |
| Kayser Italia Srl | Company | Italy | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 |
| CAG Novus | NA | Sweden | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 |
| University of Naples Federico II | University | Italy | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 |
| Paderborn University | University | Germany | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Bombardier | Company | Sweden | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Aarhus University | University | Denmark | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| ABB | Company | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Arthur D. Little AB | Company | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| BAM Institute | Institute | Germany | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF | Institute | Germany | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Griffith University | University | Australia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Lappeenranta University of Technology | University | Finland | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Nordic Welding Engineering AB | Company | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| PITEC GmbH | Company | Germany | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) | University | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Technical University Braunschweig | University | Germany | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| University of Zanjan (ZNU) | University | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) | Company | Norway | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| Luleå University of Technology | University | Sweden | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
| ABB | Company | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Dalarna University College | University College | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft | Institute | Germany | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare | Other health services | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Gillette Childrens Specialty Hlth Care | NA | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| GKN Plc | Company | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| HIAB AB | Company | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Osaka University | University | Japan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Seaware AB | Company | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Swerim | Institute | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| University College West | University College | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Wisteria AB | Company | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| University of Porto | University | Portugal | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Biteam AB | Company | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Cadson AB | NA | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Catholic University of Leuven | University | Belgium | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Outokumpu | Company | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Sichuan University | University | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Swedish e-Science Research Center | University Other | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE | University | Japan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| University of Southern Queensland | University | Australia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| University of Virginia | University | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Aggero MedTech | Company | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Elisabethsjukhuset | NA | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| European space agency (ESA) | Other Public | Netherlands | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Harvard University | University | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Lincean Academy | Other Public | Italy | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Skåne University Hospital | University Hospital | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Sophiahemmets sjukhus | Other health services | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| University of Bristol | University | United Kingdom | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| University of Rome Tor Vergata | University | Italy | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |
| Any-Shape | Company | Belgium | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Centre of Excellence in Aeronautical Research | Institute | Belgium | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Engelsons Postorder AB | Company | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| MSC Software | Company | Belgium | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Stefan Posner AB | Company | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Université Catholique de Louvain | University | Belgium | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Hong Kong Polytechnic University | University | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Imperial College London | University | United Kingdom | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Southeast University | University | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Sun Yat-sen University | University | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| University of Vienna | University | Austria | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| University of Bergen | University | Norway | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| University of Glasgow | University | United Kingdom | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| University of Jyvaskyla | University | Finland | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| CPQD | Company | Brazil | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI) | Other | Japan | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL) | Institute | Netherlands | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| State University of Campinas | University | Brazil | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Swedish Energy Agency | Other Public | Sweden | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |
| Publication Year | Publications | Open Access publications | OA gold | OA hybrid | OA green | OA bronze | Not OA | Share OA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 27 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 24 | 11.1% |
| 2015 | 23 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 10 | 56.5% |
| 2016 | 25 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 48.0% |
| 2017 | 22 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 13 | 40.9% |
| 2018 | 23 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 30.4% |
| 2019 | 47 | 24 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 23 | 51.1% |
| 2020 | 31 | 19 | 5 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 61.3% |
| Total | 198 | 87 | 25 | 30 | 27 | 5 | 111 | 43.9% |
The Open Access type of the publications was fetched from the Unpaywall REST API. The method to determine the OA type is presented here.
In summary, the different OA types can be described as follows:
Gold: The full text has been found on a publisher website, in a journal that is fully OA.
Hybrid: The full text has been found on a publisher website, in a journal that is not fully OA.
Green: The full text has been found in an institutional repository, such as DiVA.
Bronze: The full text has been found on a publisher website but no OA license could be identified.
N.B.: This table is based on peer-reviewed publications for which Unpaywall could determine the OA type (necessary condition: have a DOI number). Unpaywall’s method is empirical and does not strictly equate to copyright license. As a consequence, the OA status of a given publication may vary with time — for example turning from “Not OA” to “Green” when a full text is added to DiVA.
| Publication Year | Publications | Total Citations | Average Citations | Uncited publications | Share uncited |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 11.9 | 105.5 | 8.9 | 1.9 | 15.7% |
| 2015 | 11.6 | 95.0 | 8.2 | 2.0 | 17.5% |
| 2016 | 8.1 | 47.9 | 5.9 | 2.0 | 24.7% |
| 2017 | 8.9 | 60.7 | 6.9 | 0.8 | 9.2% |
| 2018 | 8.6 | 26.0 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 27.4% |
| 2019 | 22.8 | 86.1 | 3.8 | 6.9 | 30.4% |
| 2020 | 11.6 | 22.3 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 33.4% |
| Total | 83.4 | 443.6 | 5.3 | 19.9 | 23.8% |
| Publication years | Publications | Average FWCI | Top 10% publications | Share Top 10% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-2016 | 30.4 | 0.78 | 2.0 | 6.6% |
| 2015-2017 | 27.2 | 1.02 | 3.3 | 12.2% |
| 2016-2018 | 23.5 | 1.09 | 2.8 | 11.7% |
| 2017-2019 | 37.3 | 1.43 | 5.5 | 14.7% |
| Total | 67.8 | 1.14 | 7.5 | 11.1% |
This table is based on Scopus publication types Article, Review and Conference Paper.
Rows are based on at least 82 (full counted) publications with good Web of Science coverage (at least 90.1%).
(DiVA publication type Article, peer review)
| Publication years | Publications | Average SNIP | Publications in Top 20% journals | Share Top 20% journals |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-2016 | 22.6 | 1.55 | 15.0 | 66.5% |
| 2015-2017 | 19.6 | 1.45 | 12.8 | 65.2% |
| 2016-2018 | 18.5 | 1.39 | 11.7 | 62.9% |
| 2017-2019 | 29.7 | 1.28 | 14.6 | 49.3% |
| 2018-2020 | 33.6 | 1.33 | 16.6 | 49.3% |
| Total | 62.8 | 1.41 | 35.3 | 56.2% |
| Publication years | Publications | Corporate co-publications | Share corporate | International co-publications | Share international |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-2016 | 94 | 18 | 19.1% | 37 | 39.4% |
| 2015-2017 | 88 | 23 | 26.1% | 38 | 43.2% |
| 2016-2018 | 81 | 16 | 19.8% | 42 | 51.9% |
| 2017-2019 | 106 | 15 | 14.2% | 43 | 40.6% |
| 2018-2020 | 108 | 10 | 9.3% | 41 | 38.0% |
| Total | 230 | 36 | 15.7% | 93 | 40.4% |
This table is based on Scopus publication types Article, Review and Conference Paper.
Rows are based on at least 81 (full counted) publications with good Web of Science coverage (at least 93.5%).
(DiVA publication type Article, peer review)